Timbral and Melodic Characteristics of the Persian Singing Style of Avaz

نویسندگان

  • Johan Sundberg
  • Sten Ternström
چکیده

The floridly ornamented Persian singing style called avaz was studied, focusing on melody characteristics in melismatic pitch transitions, phonation types, and formant to harmonic relationships. Audio and EGG signals were simultaneously recorded from a professional male tenor range singer, who sang a Persian avaz song, scales, rapid tone reiterations, and alternations between two neighbouring tones. Voice source parameters and formant settings (F1 & F2) were measured from inverse filtering of the audio signal, using the custom made DeCap and S-naq (Svante Granqvist) and the commercial Soundswell softwares. Fundamental frequency F0 was measured from the EGG signal using the Soundswell CORR tool. In the melismatic embellishments, the pitch transition between melody tones of the modal register were sung via remarkably short falsetto episodes in which F0 quickly jumped up to a peak in order to immediately dive towards the next modal tone. Being produced in this way, tone repetitions and alternations were sung with continuous phonation and had identical voice source data in their modal melody tones. Moreover, for most vowels, the singer tuned F1 to H2 (F0 * 2) and sometimes also F2 to some higher harmonics, in his higher voice range, i.e. above about Bb4 (235 Hz, approximately). These findings are discussed in relation to western operatic formant strategies and some melodic ornaments of early Italian Baroque singing. Klangliga och melodiska egenskaper inom den persiska sångstilen avaz Sammanfattning Den rikligt ornamenterade persiska sångstilen avaz studerades med fokus på fonationstyper, melismatiska växlingar mellan meloditoner, samt förhållandet mellan formanter och övertoner. Audiooch EGGsignaler spelades in samtidigt, med en professionell manlig tenorsångare som sjöng ett stycke persisk avazsång, skalor, snabba tonupprepningar, samt alterneringar mellan två toner. Olika parametrar hos röstkällan samt formantpositionerna (F1 & F2) mättes genom inversfiltrering av audiosignalen med hjälp av de skräddarsydda mjukvaruprogrammen DeCap och S-naq (Svante Granqvist) samt det kommersiella programmet Soundswell. Med verktyget Soundswell CORR kunde grundtonsfrekvensen F0 fås ur EGGsignalen. I de melismatiska ornamenteringarna sjöngs växlingar mellan modalresgistrets meloditoner via anmärkningsvärt korta falsettepisoder där F0 snabbt hoppade uppåt till en höjdpunkt för att omedelbart dyka neråt mot nästa modalton. Sålunda framställda tonupprepningar och alterneringar sjöngs med kontinuerlig fonation och hade identiska röstkällor i modaltonerna. I övre delen av sitt omfång, dvs ovanför Bb4 (ca 235 Hz), placerade sångaren F1 på H2 (F0 * 2) för de flesta vokaler, och ibland placerades även F2 på högre övertoner. Dessa observationer diskuteras i förhållande till formantstrategier inom västerländsk operasång samt vissa melodiska ornament inom tidig italiensk barocksång.

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تاریخ انتشار 2012